Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms and Treatments

What is Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a genetic mood illness that causes shifts in a person’s mood, energy level and concentration. It is a chemical/metabolic problem that affects the way the brain regulates the hormones that influence emotions. Moods range from periods of extremely “up,” elated, irritable, or energized behavior (known as manic episodes) to very “down,” sad, indifferent, or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes). Milder manic periods are known as hypomanic episodes.

Mood Episodes: From Highs to Lows

Manic episodes are characterized by a significant increase in energy, creativity and goal-directed activities. These episodes can lead to impulsive behavior and disrupted sleep patterns. Manic episodes can also manifest as irritability or agitation, making interactions challenging and relationships strained.

Depressive episodes typically bring sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue. Depression often shows up as difficulty concentrating, feelings of guilt or worthlessness and a loss of interest, leading to social withdrawal and isolation. 

Between these extremes are hypomanic episodes, which are less intense. During hypomania, individuals may experience heightened creativity, increased productivity, and a euphoric outlook on life. While these periods may seem fairly low-key compared to mania, they can still lead to impulsive decisions and strained relationships.

Early Detection and Lifelong Treatment

Bipolar disorder often first appears in early adulthood, ages 18-25. Although the symptoms will usually vary over time, bipolar disorder usually requires lifelong treatment. Although bipolar disorder can seem uncontrollable, it actually is a very predictable and treatable physical illness. 

Finding Stability

Working with clients with bipolar disorder over the years has taught me that understanding and accepting the initial diagnosis can feel overwhelming, or like a relief.  Someone finally understands. Gets it. Or there is a name to the issues you’ve been facing. Naming the issue, means you know how to treat it. Untreated bipolar disorder can feel unmanageable. Clients often tell me that it feels like they’re on an emotional roller coaster. Bipolar symptoms can be predictable, meaning you learn your triggers and how to manage symptoms before they impact your life. Therapy with a bipolar specialist can bring great change, stability and peace to your life. I’ve seen my client’s lives transform. 

Sources: 

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder

Take Charge of Bipolar Disorder: A 4-Step Plan for You and Your Loved Ones to Manage the Illness and Create Lasting Stability. (2023).

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